French PM: Europe could ‘fall apart within months’

French prime minister Manuel Valls has warned that the EU could die quickly, and be dead within months.

Valls made these comments during a panel discussion with the German finance ministerWolfgang Schäuble at the World Economic Forum in Davos.

In a follow on interview with BBC, Valls reiterated his alert by saying the Schengen Area, the 26 European countries that have abolished passport requirements for mutual travel, may die due to the growing pressure from muslim migration.

Valls also expanded his warnings by saying it wasn’t just the Schengen area, but Europe as a whole that could die.

“If Europe is not capable of protecting its own borders, it’s the very idea of Europe that will be questioned,” Valls said to BBC.

When pushed further, Valls’ clarified his statement, saying “yes the European project [is at threat], not Europe as much. Not our values, but the concept of Europe that our founding fathers had, yes, it is in very grave danger.”

Valls ended by voicing his support for the creation of an EU border guard force, previously referenced by officials as an EU army.

“That’s why you need border guards and controls outside the European Union. Sometimes we had the feeling that borders did not exist. No, borders do exist so you have to protect them,” Valls said.

“Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God. 2 Therefore whoever resists the authorities resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment.”

– Romans 13:1-2

“They will say, ‘The fruit you longed for is gone from you. All your riches and splendor have vanished, never to be recovered.’ The merchants who sold these things and gained their wealth from her will stand far off, terrified at her torment”
-Revelation 18:10–15

Valls’ sentiments were shared by German Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière, who recently stated that their “temporary” border controls announced early January will be maintained indefinitely.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel, though duplicitous in her actions toward migration, has said that Europe is “vulnerable” and that the fate of the euro is “directly linked” to resolving the migration crisis.

With the European Union’s currency relying heavily on tariff free trade and unity of economic policy, disagreements on immigration and border closing within the Schengen area risk crashing the euro, well before the economic burden of providing exuberant welfare to migrants is felt.

Governments Desperately Trying To Keep The Illusion Going As Crashing Stock & Bond Markets Set To Shock The World!

Today the man who has become legendary for his predictions on QE, historic moves in currencies, and major global events warned King World News that governments are now desperately trying to keep the illusion going as crashing stock & bond markets are set to shock the world!

Egon von Greyerz:  “Eric, I don’t think the general public has any understanding of what is happening in the world today and the incredible risks we are seeing.  Since 2008, world debt is up over 40 percent and so now the world has unsustainable debt levels of over $200 trillion….

Governments have tried to keep the illusion going by moving rates to zero or even negative in many countries.  But even with all the money printing and stimulus, the world economy has still not reacted to it and has stopped growing.  In fact, economies are actually starting to contract in many countries.

China contributed 85 percent of global growth in 2012.  But China is beginning to struggle and their contribution to global growth this year is only expected to be 24 percent.  Of course that will have major repercussions for the entire world because China has been a huge buyer of both commodities and machinery.  That buying spree is now declining dramatically.

The only thing left in the various governments' tool kits is fiscal stimulus.  But with countries mismanaging their economies and running major deficits, it will be impossible to increase the deficits because it will cause the debt to skyrocket.  Who will repay the additional printed money and debt?

Demographics is also a major problem for industrialized nations.  Take Germany, where 20 percent of the population is already over 65 years old.  That figure will grow to 30 percent by the year 2040.  In Japan, today 25 percent of the population is over 65 but that figure will grow to a staggering 40 percent by the year 2060.

Japanese Economy Won't Survive 400 Percent Debt/GDP Ratio

So there won’t be enough young people working in Japan to keep the economy going in order to pay the pensions for the elderly, much less to pay off the massive debts of Japan.  Look at Japan:  They have 250 percent Debt/GDP ratio today.  By 2035 they will have a Debt/GDP ratio of 400 percent.  Obviously that is totally unsustainable.  This is why the Japanese economy will not survive.

And at the same time that world economic problems are becoming insurmountable, geopolitical risk is increasing dramatically.  ISIS is likely to take all of Iraq in the next few months and then they will threaten Saudi Arabia.  Saudi Arabia is also likely to be attacked from Yemen.  If ISIS foments a civil war in Saudi Arabia, both the United States and Israel will get involved.

The other danger zone, besides Ukraine, is the South China Sea.  China is expanding their territory and they consider that it belongs to them.  But of course the Pentagon has said that they consider China to be a major threat to peace because of this expansion.  China has responded to that by saying that war is inevitable if the U.S. does not stop asking Beijing to halt construction of artificial islands.

So, Eric, the risks are increasing everywhere and the situation could become uncontrollable at any time, both economically and geopolitically.  Problems could erupt at any moment that would shock an unprepared world that would lead to stock and bond markets crashing together along with the dollar.  This will mean skyrocketing gold prices.  In that environment people may see gold soar a few hundred dollars in just a single day.

Exchange Controls To Trap Citizens And Their Money

At the same time governments are doing more and more to control people.  Cash withdrawals are being reduced and more draconian banking measures are being put in place.  This trend will only accelerate with governments seeking even more control over their people.

I could also see exchange controls being introduced in the not-too-distant future.  That will make it impossible to take any money out of the country.  That’s why it is so important to keep physical gold outside of the banking system and preferably outside of your country of residence as insurance against the unprecedented risks that the world is now facing.  

Unfortunately, when disaster strikes, very few people will be prepared.”

Reinventing the European Dream

On July 1, Nicosia took the rotating presidency of the EU. Gas, relations with Turkey, Middle East policy: Europe should take this opportunity to set a new major Mediterranean project, argues the American political scientist Anne-Marie Slaughter.

The euro crisis and Queen Elizabeth’s recent Jubilee seem to have nothing in common. In fact, together they impart an important lesson: the power of a positive narrative – and the impossibility of winning without one.

Commenting on the Jubilee’s river pageant and horse parade, historian Simon Schama talked to the BBC about “little boats and big ideas.” The biggest idea was that Britain’s monarchy serves to connect the country’s past to its future in ways that transcend the pettiness and ugliness of quotidian politics.

The heritage of kings and queens stretching back across more than a millennium – the enduring symbolism of crowns and coaches, and the literal embodiment of the English and now the British state – binds Britons together in a common journey.

Hope and purpose

Cynics might call this the old bread-and-circuses routine. But the point is to fix eyes and hearts on a narrative of hope and purpose – to uplift, rather than distract, the public. Are Greeks, Spaniards, Portuguese, and other Europeans really supposed to embrace an austerity program imposed on them because prevailing wisdom in Germany and other northern countries considers them profligate and lazy? Those are fighting words, creating resentment and division just when unity and burden-sharing are most needed.

Greece, in particular, now needs a way to connect its past with its future, but no monarch is forthcoming. And, as the cradle of the world’s first democracy, Greece needs other symbols of national renewal than scepters and robes. It is through Homer that virtually all Western readers first encounter the Mediterranean world: its islands and shores and peoples knit together by diplomacy, trade, marriage, oil, wine, and long ships. Greece could once again be a pillar of such a world, using its current crisis to craft a new future.

Politics intervenes

That vision is more plausible than one might think. Natural-gas fields in the Eastern Mediterranean are estimated to hold up to 122 trillion cubic feet, enough to supply the entire world for a year. More gas and large oil fields lie off the Greek coast in the Aegean and Ionian Seas, enough to transform the finances of Greece and the entire region. Israel and Cyprus are planning joint exploration; Israel and Greece are discussing a pipeline; Turkey and Lebanon are prospecting; and Egypt is planning to license exploration.

But politics, as always, intervenes. All countries involved have maritime disputes and political disagreements. The Turks are working with Northern Cyprus, whose independence only they recognise, and regularly make threatening noises about Israel’s drilling with the Greek Cypriot government of the Republic of Cyprus. The Greek Cypriots regularly hold the EU hostage over any dealings with Turkey, as has Greece. The Turks will not let Cypriot ships into their harbours and have not been on speaking terms with the Israelis since nine Turkish citizens were killed on a ship that sought to breach Israel’s blockade of Gaza. Lebanon and Israel do not have diplomatic relations.

In short, the riches, jobs, and development that would flow to all countries in the region from responsible energy exploitation may well be blocked by the insistence of each on getting what it regards as its fair share and denying access to its enemies.

The vision of a Mediterranean Energy Community thus seems destined to remain a pipedream. Yet July will bring the 60th anniversary of the ratification of the Treaty of Paris, which established the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) among France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg only six years after the end of World War II. During the previous 70 years, Germany and France had fought each other in three devastating wars, the last two of which ruined Europe’s economies and decimated its population.

'Unthinkable and materially impossible'

These countries’ mutual hatred and suspicion was no less bitter and deep-seated than that afflicting the Eastern Mediterranean. Yet French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman, with the assistance of his counsellor Jean Monnet, announced a plan for the ECSC in 1950, only five years after German troops had left Paris, with the aim of making “war not only unthinkable but materially impossible.” Schuman proposed putting Franco-German coal and steel production under a common High Authority, thereby preventing the two sides from using the raw materials of war against each other, and powering a common industrial economy. The ECSC became the core of today’s European Union.

The EU today is on the ropes, but only a few concrete steps by European leaders might open the door to similarly bold diplomacy that could restore EU and Mediterranean economies and transform the energy politics of Europe and Asia. If the European Parliament and the European Council were to take steps to make direct EU trade with northern Cyprus subject to qualified majority voting rather than consensus (and hence veto by Cyprus), the EU would be able to begin trading with northern Cyprus, and Turkey could begin trading with Cyprus as a whole. These steps could lead in turn to a Turkish, Cypriot, and Greek energy partnership that would provide positive incentives for Turkish-Israeli reconciliation.

The Schuman Plan took two years to crystalize and a decade to implement. But it gave war-torn and desperately poor Europeans a positive vision of a new future, something that Greece and Cyprus, not to mention Middle Eastern and North African countries, desperately need. Europe’s leaders will not surmount this crisis by pounding their citizens with bleak demands for austerity. They must take concrete steps, with Greece as a full and equal partner, to create a vision of real rewards from a rejuvenated EU.

The EU does not have a Queen Elizabeth. What it needs is another Schuman and Monnet.

Iran threatens Israel; new EU sanctions take force

By Yeganeh Torbati

(Reuters) - Iran announced missile tests on Sunday and threatened to wipe Israel "off the face of the earth" if the Jewish state attacked it, brandishing some of its starkest threats on the day Europe began enforcing an oil embargo and harsh new sanctions.

The European sanctions - including a ban on imports of Iranian oil by EU states and measures that make it difficult for other countries to trade with Iran - were enacted earlier this year but mainly came into effect on July 1.

They are designed to break Iran's economy and force it to curb nuclear work that Western countries say is aimed at producing an atomic weapon. Reporting by Reuters has shown in recent months that the sanctions have already had a significant effect on Iran's economy.

Israel says it could attack Iran if diplomacy fails to force Tehran to abandon its nuclear aims. The United States also says military force is on the table as a last resort, but U.S. officials have repeatedly encouraged the Israelis to be patient while new sanctions take effect.

Washington said the EU's oil ban might force Tehran to give ground at the next round of nuclear talks, scheduled for this week in Istanbul.

Announcing three days of missile tests in the coming week, Revolutionary Guards General Amir Ali Hajizadeh said the exercises should be seen as a message "that the Islamic Republic of Iran is resolute in standing up to ... bullying, and will respond to any possible evil decisively and strongly."

Any attack on Iran by Israel would be answered resolutely: "If they take any action, they will hand us an excuse to wipe them off the face of the earth," said Hajizadeh, head of the Guards' airborne division, according to state news agency IRNA.

The missile tests will target mock-ups of air bases in the region, Hajizadeh said, adding that its ability to strike U.S. bases in the Gulf protects Iran from U.S. support for Israel.

"U.S. bases in the region are within range of our missiles and weapons, and therefore they certainly will not cooperate with the regime (Israel)," he told IRNA.

Iran has repeatedly unnerved oil markets by threatening reprisals if it were to be attacked or its trade disrupted.

The threat against the Jewish state echoed words President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad spoke in 2005, saying Israel "must be wiped off the page of time" - a phrase often translated as "wiped off the map" and cited by Israel to show how allowing Iran to get nuclear arms would be a threat to its existence.

The EU ban on Iranian oil imports directly deprives Iran of a market that bought 18 percent of its exports a year ago. The sanctions also bar EU companies from transporting Iranian crude or insuring shipments, hurting its trade worldwide.

"They signal our clear determination to intensify the peaceful diplomatic pressure," British Foreign Secretary William Hague said in a statement.

The EU sanctions come alongside stringent new measures imposed by Washington this year on third countries doing business with Iran. The United States welcomed the EU sanctions as an "essential part" of diplomatic efforts "to seek a peaceful resolution that addresses the international community's concerns about Iran's nuclear program."

White House spokesman Jay Carney said he hoped the sanctions would force Tehran to make concessions in technical-level talks with six world powers later this week.

MALICIOUS POLICIES

"Iran has an opportunity to pursue substantive negotiations, beginning with expert level talks this week in Istanbul, and must take concrete steps toward a comprehensive resolution of the international community's concerns with Iran's nuclear activities," Carney said in a statement.

The United Arab Emirates and Bahrain - foes of Iran which face it across the oil-rich Gulf - announced their own joint air force exercises on Sunday which they said would take "several days," their state news agencies reported.

In three rounds of talks between Iran and the United States, Russia, China, Britain, France and Germany, the Western powers have demanded Tehran halt high-grade uranium enrichment, ship out all high-grade uranium and close a key enrichment facility.

The talks lost steam at the last meeting in Moscow last month and there was not enough common ground for negotiators to agree whether to meet again. Officials - but not political decision-makers - meet in Turkey on Tuesday.

Washington sees the sanctions and talks as a potential way out of the standoff to avert the need for military action, but has not said it would block Israel from attacking Iran.

Tehran says it has a right to peaceful nuclear technologies and is not seeking the bomb. It accuses nuclear-armed states of hypocrisy. Officials said they were taking steps to reduce the economic impact of the new sanctions.

"We are implementing programs to counter sanctions and we will confront these malicious policies," Mehr news agency quoted Iranian central bank governor Mahmoud Bahmani as saying.

Bahmani has struggled to prevent a plunge in the value of the rial currency and steadily rising inflation as the sanctions have taken effect. He said the effects of the sanctions were tough but that Iran had built up $150 billion in foreign reserves to protect its economy.

Oil Minister Rostam Qasemi said oil importing countries would be the losers if the sanctions lead to price rises.

"All possible options have been planned in government to counter sanctions," Qasemi said on the ministry's website.

Last Friday, another Revolutionary Guards commander, Ali Fadavi, said Iran would equip its ships in the Strait of Hormuz - the neck of the Gulf and a vital oil transit point - with shorter-range missiles.

Embry: We’re On The Edge of Collapse, We’ve Run Out of Time

Today John Embry told King World News, when referring to what is needed to bail out Europe, “All I know is that these numbers are staggering ... We are on the edge of collapse. We’ve run out of time.” Embry, who is Chief Investment Strategist of the $10 billion strong Sprott Asset Management, also told KWN that if the euro does split apart, it “will be extraordinarily chaotic.” Here is what Embry had to say about the crisis: “We’ve got to focus on what’s coming up in the short-run with regards to the European situation. It’s going to be an extremely interesting summit they are hosting this Thursday and Friday. The problems are piling up at such an enormous rate they can’t be ignored anymore.”

John Embry continues:

“There was this amazing back and forth today, where Merkel said, ‘There would not be euro bonds as as long as she was alive.’ Then, not longer after, Monti, the Prime Minister of Italy, came out and said that if there weren’t euro bonds, he was going to resign.

So this is turning into a comedy, even though it’s a tragedy....

“The only way this can be dealt with, in the short-run, is by enormous monetary creation. If Merkel and the Germans want to block that because they don’t want to give the ECB that power, the euro is going to split apart and that will be extraordinarily chaotic.

If the euro doesn’t split apart and they do create the money, it will ultimately be very inflationary. So the Germans are caught between a rock and a hard place. You’ve got to remember that the Germans have seen their currency destroyed twice in the last century. The know full well that if you go too far down this path, you are headed towards hyperinflation. They have been there.

I think the money will be created. I was very intrigued by Don Coxe’s fantastic interview with you earlier today. He outlined the degree to which the European banking system is impaired. He used the number $2 trillion. To me, once you get into those numbers, it’s open-ended.

All I know is that these numbers are staggering. It wasn’t even that long ago that one trillion was a number that we couldn’t even fathom. Now they throw it around as though we’ll just print it up tomorrow.

For what it’s worth, if the euro were to break-up and the Germans were to introduce their own currency, that currency would go to the moon relative to most of the others. This would make them uncompetitive in many ways. The Germans have a lot on the line here, so I think they print.

In the very short-run, if they create enormous amounts of money, it could buoy markets a bit, but it doesn’t solve anything. The fact is the system needs unlimited liquidity just to keep floating all of the boats.”

Embry also warned: “We are on the edge of collapse, it’s imminent. We’ve run out of time. If they don’t take action, continue to play this brinksmanship, and this thing gets away on the downside, when you get a hard deflation going, it’s really difficult to reverse.

I don‘t think you can say anything with total assurance, for the simple reason that we have never, ever been remotely in a condition like this in all of world history. So the only things that I am comfortable in at this moment are physical gold and silver and gold and silver shares.”

Germany rebuffs Obama's advice on euro crisis

BERLIN (AP) -- Germany's finance minister is rejecting U.S. President Barack Obama's calls on Europe to move faster in fighting its debt crisis, telling him to get the American deficit under control instead.

Wolfgang Schaeuble told public broadcaster ZDF in an interview late Sunday that "people are always very quick at giving others advice."

He says: "Mr. Obama should first of all take care of reducing the American deficit, which is higher than in the eurozone."

Obama and other leaders fear an escalating crisis in Europe could drag down the world economy.

The 17-nation eurozone is struggling to overhaul its institutions and streamline its decision making to restore investors' confidence. The bloc's debt relative to its economic output stands at about 80 percent, while it is about 100 percent in the U.S.

EU planning for worst-case scenario in case of Greek eurozone exit

By Luke Baker, Reuters

BRUSSELS – European finance officials have discussed as a worst-case scenario limiting the size of withdrawals from ATM machines, imposing border checks and introducing capital controls in at least Greece should Athens decide to leave the euro.

EU officials have told Reuters the ideas are part of a range of contingency plans. They emphasized that the discussions were merely about being prepared for any eventuality rather than planning for something they expect to happen — no one Reuters has spoken to expects Greece to leave the single currency area.

Belgium’s finance minister, Steve Vanackere, said at the end of May that it was a basic function of each eurozone member state to be prepared for problems. These discussions appear to be in that vein.s

But with increased political uncertainty in Greece following the inconclusive election on May 6 and ahead of a second election on June 17, there is now an increased need to have contingencies in place, the EU sources said.

The discussions have taken place in conference calls over the past six weeks, as concerns have grown that a radical-left coalition, SYRIZA, may win the second election, increasing the risk that Greece could renege on its EU/IMF bailout and therefore move closer to abandoning the currency.

No decisions have been taken on the calls, but members of the Eurogroup Working Group, which consists of eurozone deputy finance ministers and heads of treasury departments, have discussed the options in some detail, the sources said.

As well as limiting cash withdrawals and imposing capital controls, they have discussed the possibility of suspending the Schengen agreement, which allows for visa-free travel among 26 countries, including most of the European Union.

“Contingency planning is underway for a scenario under which Greece leaves,” one of the sources, who has been involved in the conference calls, said. “Limited cash withdrawals from ATMs and limited movement of capital have been considered and analyzed.”

Another source confirmed the discussions, including that the suspension of Schengen was among the options raised.

“These are not political discussions, these are discussions among finance experts who need to be prepared for any eventuality,” the second source said. “It is sensible planning, that is all, planning for the worst-case scenario.”

The first official said it was still being examined whether there was a legal basis for such extreme measures.

“The Bank of Greece is not aware of any such plans,” a central bank spokesman in Athens told Reuters when asked about the sources’ comments.

The vast majority of Greeks — some surveys have indicated 75 to 80% — like the euro and want to retain the currency, something Greek politicians are aware of and which may dissuade them from pushing the country too close to the brink.

However, SYRIZA is expected to win or come a strong second on June 17. Alexis Tsipras, the party’s 37-year-old leader, has said he plans to tear up or heavily renegotiate the 130-billion-euro bailout agreed with the EU and IMF. The EU and IMF have said they are not prepared to renegotiate.

If those differences cannot be resolved, the threat of the country leaving or being forced out of the euro will remain, and hence the need for contingencies to be in place.

Switzerland said last month it was considering introducing capital controls if the euro falls apart.
In a conference call on May 21, the Eurogroup Working Group told eurozone member states that they should each have a plan in place if Greece were to leave the currency.

Belgium’s Vanackere said two days after that call that it was a basic function of each euro zone member state to be prepared for any eventuality.

“All the contingency plans (for Greece) come back to the same thing: to be responsible as a government is to foresee even what you hope to avoid,” he told reporters.

“We must insist on efforts to avoid an exit scenario but that doesn’t mean we are not preparing for eventualities.”

Leaders plotting EU superstate: 'Fiscal union' looms... with the Germans in charge

By James Chapman, Political Editor

European leaders are edging closer to a federal union in response to the financial crisis engulfing the Continent.

In crisis talks yesterday, Britain and the US joined forces to urge Germany to create a central Brussels body that could assume sovereignty over individual countries’ budgets and fiscal policies.
There is growing frustration in London and Washington at Germany’s reluctance to take steps towards a single economic government and put its vast resources behind the struggling countries in the eurozone.

Their fears were aired yesterday in a conference call between finance ministers from the G7 group of leading nations.

Four EU leaders have been asked to draft proposals for a deeper eurozone fiscal union, to be presented to an EU summit at the end of this month.

Senior Tory MPs are to press David Cameron to hold a referendum on Britain’s future in Europe if the moves go ahead.

They insist the Government must seek a mandate from voters to demand that key powers are repatriated from Brussels to Westminster in exchange for agreeing to treaty changes that would allow eurozone countries to pool sovereignty.

They fear a core eurozone, led by Germany, would be in a powerful position to push whatever policies it wanted affecting the rest of the 27-member EU.

The Prime Minister and Chancellor George Osborne have long argued that a single currency can only work if the eurozone creates an effective fiscal union.

They believe that for any single currency to work, richer areas must pay to support poorer ones.
Britain would stand outside any such arrangement, and Mr Cameron refused to sign a treaty taking more tentative steps towards a fiscal union last year.

But senior Conservatives say such a move would so fundamentally alter the balance of power and daily running of the EU that a referendum would have to be offered to determine whether British voters wanted to remain in Europe’s ‘slow lane’.

Up to ten chairmen of Commons select committees are understood to be preparing to call for a popular vote on Britain’s future place in the EU if a fiscal union goes ahead.

Some believe Britain should leave the EU in such circumstances, while others argue that a demand for a looser relationship with Brussels would be given greater force if endorsed in a referendum.

Conservative MP Bernard Jenkin, chairman of the public administration select committee, said: ‘Clearly the European Union becoming a federation which expressly does not include the UK is a dramatic change in the terms of our relationship with our EU partners.

‘The Government needs to lay its demands on the table so British law and British taxpayers’ money are both protected by a sovereign UK Parliament.

‘Any new arrangements should be subject to a referendum.’

The Coalition has changed the law to ensure that no more powers can be passed from Westminster to Brussels without a referendum. But it is far from clear that one would be triggered if the eurozone countries decide to pool sovereignty.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel confirmed this week that measures to create a closer union for countries in the euro were being considered.

‘The world wants to know how we see the political union in complement to the currency union,’ she said.

‘That requires an answer in the foreseeable future and Germany will be a very constructive partner.’

Berlin does not expect to take final decisions on strengthening economic policy coordination until March 2013, with only a ‘roadmap’ being agreed at the Brussels summit this month.

Three Months to Save the Euro: George Soros

By Catherine Boyle / CNBC

Euro-zone governments have around three months to ensure the survival of the single currency, billionaire investor George Soros said in a speech on Saturday.

“We are at an inflection point. After the expiration of the three months’ window, the markets will continue to demand more but the authorities will not be able to meet their demands,” he warned in a speech at the Festival of Economics in Trento, Italy. (Read the text of his speech.) 

The European Union is “like a bubble” – not a financial bubble but a political bubble -- that could pop as a result of the euro -zone crisis, Soros said.

“In the boom phase, the EU was what the psychoanalyst David Tuckett calls a ‘fantastic object’ – unreal but immensely attractive,” he said.

“In retrospect, it is now clear that the main source of trouble is that the member states of the euro have surrendered to the European Central Bank (ECB)  their rights to create fiat money. They did not realize what that entails – and neither did the European authorities,” he said.

The euro zone needs a European deposit insurance scheme for banks, Soros said, as well as direct financing by the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) for banks, which “must go hand-in-hand with euro-zone-wide supervision and regulation.”

The “blockage” at the moment is coming from the Bundesbank and the German government, he said. German Chancellor Angela Merkel has been cautious about increasing Germany’s support for the rest of the euro zone.

Soros believes Germany will eventually do what it takes to keep the euro zone going because of the large losses German banks would suffer if it broke up and the damage to exports which could be caused by a return to the Deutschmark, which would likely be substantially stronger than the euro.
“A German empire with the periphery as the hinterland,” could be the result of the current predicament, he warned.

The ECB has been instrumental throughout the crisis and its liquidity injection via a long-term refinancing operation helped boost European markets earlier this year, giving policy makers some much-needed breathing space.

Soros said that too much blame had been placed on peripheral euro-zone countries such as heavily indebted Greece and Spain, and that creditors like Germany had to share responsibility.

“The “center” is responsible for designing a flawed system, enacting flawed treaties, pursuing flawed policies and always doing too little too late.

“In the 1980s, Latin America suffered a lost decade -- a similar fate now awaits Europe,” he said. “That is the responsibility that Germany and the other creditor countries need to acknowledge.”
Soros argued that the focus on austerity instead of growth had been a mistake by the European authorities.

“The authorities didn’t understand the nature of the euro crisis; they thought it was a fiscal problem, while it is more of a banking problem and a problem of competitiveness. And they applied the wrong remedy: You cannot reduce the debt burden by shrinking the economy -- only by growing your way out of it,” he said.

“The crisis is still growing because of a failure to understand the dynamics of social change; policy measures that could have worked at one point in time were no longer sufficient by the time they were applied,” he said.

These views are echoed by well-known economists including Paul Krugman. An increasing number of politicians in the euro zone are also arguing for less austerity and more promotion of growth. The debate has come to prominence during both the Greek election campaign and the Irish referendum on the EU fiscal pact for euro-zone-wide austerity measures.